The best testosterone booster for men over 40 can help support energy levels, muscle strength, mental clarity, and overall well-being. As men age, natural testosterone production tends to decline, which can lead to fatigue, reduced stamina, and a slower metabolism. Choosing the right supplement can help offset these effects with ingredients that encourage healthy hormone levels. This guide reviews top-rated testosterone boosters formulated specifically for men over 40, with a focus on safety, quality, and noticeable results.
Best Testosterone Boosters for Men Over 40
Why are Testosterone Booster Beneficial for Men Over 40?
Testosterone levels begin to decline after the age of 40, leading to noticeable changes in energy, strength, and overall well-being. Many men experience fatigue, reduced stamina, and a decrease in motivation, which can affect both their personal and professional lives. Testosterone boosters provide a natural way to support healthy hormone levels, helping men feel more energized and driven. By restoring testosterone, these supplements promote vitality, making it easier to stay active and maintain a high quality of life.
Maintaining muscle mass and a lean physique becomes more challenging as testosterone levels drop. This hormone plays a key role in muscle development, strength, and fat metabolism. Testosterone boosters support muscle growth, making it easier to build and maintain strength while reducing body fat. They also enhance endurance and recovery, allowing men over 40 to perform better in workouts and stay physically fit. With improved muscle tone and body composition, men can feel more confident in their appearance and maintain an active lifestyle.
Beyond physical benefits, testosterone boosters also support mental clarity, mood stability, and overall confidence. Low testosterone can lead to irritability, brain fog, and decreased motivation, making it harder to stay productive and focused. By naturally increasing testosterone levels, these supplements help improve concentration, enhance mood, and reduce stress. Many men report feeling more confident and mentally sharp, which positively impacts their relationships, careers, and personal goals. With the right testosterone support, men over 40 can stay strong, focused, and full of life.
Review of the Best Testosterone Boosters for Men Over 40
Testosil

Testosil is a natural testosterone booster designed to help men regain energy, strength, and overall vitality. It contains clinically proven ingredients such as KSM-66® Ashwagandha, Fenugreek, ZMA, and D-Aspartic Acid, which work together to enhance testosterone production, improve muscle growth, and support endurance. Unlike synthetic testosterone treatments, Testosil promotes hormone balance naturally without the need for injections or prescriptions. Many users report significant improvements in energy levels, workout performance, fat loss, and overall well-being within just a few weeks of use. Additionally, the formula includes AstraGin®, a patented absorption enhancer that ensures the body efficiently utilizes each ingredient for maximum benefits.
With its science-backed formula, premium ingredients, and a 100% lifetime money-back guarantee, Testosil offers a risk-free way for men to optimize their testosterone levels naturally. It is manufactured in FDA-registered, cGMP-certified facilities, ensuring high safety and quality standards. Testosil also provides additional perks like free shipping and bonus guides on testosterone optimization with select orders. While the supplement has many benefits, it requires consistent use for optimal results and is available exclusively online. However, for men looking for an all-natural solution to combat low testosterone and improve their fitness, Testosil stands out as a top contender in the supplement market.
✅ Pros
- ✅ Clinically proven ingredients for natural testosterone support
- ✅ Enhances energy, strength, and muscle growth
- ✅ Includes AstraGin® for superior absorption and effectiveness
- ✅ Lifetime money-back guarantee for risk-free purchase
❌ Cons
- ❌ Requires consistent use for noticeable results
- ❌ Only available for purchase online
- ❌ May not work as effectively for everyone
Testogen

Testogen is a natural testosterone booster designed to help men regain energy, build muscle, enhance libido, and improve overall well-being. By using a scientifically backed blend of vitamins, minerals, and herbal extracts like D-Aspartic Acid, Fenugreek, and Korean Red Ginseng, Testogen naturally stimulates the body’s testosterone production. This results in increased stamina, improved mental focus, fat loss, and better athletic performance. Unlike synthetic hormone replacement therapies, Testogen offers a safe, non-hormonal approach with no reported side effects when taken as directed. With a simple daily dose of four capsules, users can experience noticeable improvements in strength, mood, and vitality within weeks.
Testogen is manufactured in FDA-approved, GMP-certified facilities, ensuring high-quality standards, and is backed by a 100-day money-back guarantee for risk-free purchasing. It is available worldwide with free shipping and comes with exclusive bonuses such as workout guides and recipe books. The supplement is also available in a liquid form—Testogen Instant Booster Drops—for an on-the-go energy boost. While it offers many benefits, Testogen requires consistent use for the best results and may take time to show significant changes in testosterone levels. Additionally, it is only available through the official website, which may be a limitation for some buyers. Overall, Testogen is a trusted and effective choice for men looking to enhance their vitality naturally.
✅ Pros:
- ✔️ Naturally boosts testosterone with scientifically proven ingredients
- ✔️ Increases energy, muscle mass, and mental focus
- ✔️ Manufactured in FDA-approved, GMP-certified facilities
- ✔️ Backed by a 100-day money-back guarantee
❌ Cons:
- ❌ Requires daily use for optimal results
- ❌ Only available for purchase through the official website
- ❌ Effects may take weeks to become fully noticeable
Testodren

Testodren is a natural testosterone booster designed to help men regain their energy, strength, and mental sharpness as they age. Made with a single, clinically tested ingredient derived from Fenugreek, Testodren supports the body’s natural ability to increase testosterone levels without synthetic hormones or harmful side effects. Studies have shown that it can boost free testosterone by 72.87% in just 12 weeks, leading to noticeable improvements in muscle growth, fat loss, focus, and libido. With its simple one-capsule-per-day formula, Testodren offers a convenient and effective way for men to combat the effects of aging and restore their vitality.
Unlike many testosterone supplements that include unnecessary fillers, Testodren focuses on one powerful, patented compound that has been rigorously tested for effectiveness. It is manufactured in an FDA-registered, cGMP-certified facility, ensuring high-quality standards and safety. Users report increased stamina, faster muscle recovery, and improved overall well-being within weeks of use. Additionally, Testodren comes with a 67-day money-back guarantee, allowing men to try it risk-free. Whether you want to enhance your workout performance, boost motivation, or improve cognitive function, Testodren provides a natural, science-backed solution to maintaining healthy testosterone levels.
✅ Pros:
- ✅ Clinically proven to increase testosterone levels naturally and effectively.
- ✅ Simple one-a-day dosage with no complicated schedules.
- ✅ No artificial additives and free from gluten, soy, dairy, and preservatives.
- ✅ Backed by a 67-day money-back guarantee for risk-free testing.
❌ Cons:
- ❌ Only available online through the official website.
- ❌ May take a few weeks for noticeable results.
- ❌ Not recommended for younger men with naturally high testosterone levels.
TesTotal

TesTotal is a natural testosterone booster designed to help men regain energy, strength, focus, and libido. As men age, testosterone levels gradually decline, leading to fatigue, muscle loss, reduced stamina, and decreased confidence. TesTotal addresses these concerns with a blend of scientifically backed ingredients such as D-Aspartic Acid, Fenugreek Extract, Vitamin D3, and Zinc. These compounds work together to enhance testosterone production, improve endurance, support fat loss, and restore a competitive edge both in and out of the gym. With an easy-to-follow dosage of two capsules per day, TesTotal provides a convenient and effective way to boost testosterone naturally without resorting to synthetic alternatives or invasive treatments.
Users of TesTotal have reported increased motivation, improved workouts, and enhanced overall well-being, making it a powerful addition to any fitness and wellness routine. Beyond physical benefits, this supplement also supports mental clarity, mood, and sexual performance, helping men feel revitalized and confident. With a transparent ingredient list, no artificial additives, and a 100-day money-back guarantee, TesTotal stands out as a trustworthy option for those seeking a natural way to optimize their testosterone levels. However, while it offers numerous advantages, results can vary based on individual body chemistry, and it requires consistent use for maximum effectiveness.
✅ Pros:
- ✅ Naturally boosts testosterone levels with scientifically backed ingredients.
- ✅ Enhances energy, stamina, and muscle-building potential.
- ✅ Supports libido, confidence, and mental clarity.
- ✅ Backed by a 100-day money-back guarantee.
❌ Cons:
- ❌ Results may take several weeks to become noticeable.
- ❌ Requires consistent use for long-term benefits.
- ❌ Not available in physical stores; only sold online.
TestRX

TestRX is a natural testosterone booster designed to help men regain energy, strength, and vitality by stimulating the body’s natural testosterone production. It contains scientifically backed ingredients like ZMA (Zinc, Magnesium, and Vitamin B6), D-Aspartic Acid, and Fenugreek Seed Extract, which have been shown to enhance testosterone levels, muscle growth, and overall performance. ZMA plays a crucial role in improving sleep quality and recovery, while D-Aspartic Acid helps stimulate luteinizing hormone (LH), which signals the body to produce more testosterone. With consistent use, TestRX supports increased muscle mass, improved energy levels, and enhanced libido, making it an effective solution for men looking to optimize their overall well-being.
Unlike synthetic testosterone treatments, TestRX provides a safe and natural way to increase hormone levels without harmful side effects. It also addresses key factors that contribute to testosterone decline, such as poor sleep quality and nutrient deficiencies. The formula is manufactured in a cGMP-compliant facility in the USA, ensuring high-quality standards. While many users experience results within a few weeks, optimal benefits typically appear after 4 to 8 weeks of consistent use. With a 67-day money-back guarantee, TestRX offers a risk-free way to enhance strength, endurance, and vitality.
✅ Pros:
- ✅ Natural ingredients with clinically backed testosterone-boosting benefits
- ✅ Enhances muscle growth, energy levels, and libido
- ✅ Supports better sleep and faster muscle recovery with ZMA
- ✅ Manufactured in a cGMP-compliant facility for high-quality standards
❌ Cons:
- ❌ Results may take 4-8 weeks to become noticeable
- ❌ Only available online through the official website
- ❌ Requires consistent use for long-term benefits
Testolan

Testolan is a natural dietary supplement designed to support testosterone production, helping men regain energy, strength, and vitality. As men age, testosterone levels naturally decline, leading to fatigue, reduced muscle mass, and decreased libido. Testolan’s unique formula combines powerful natural ingredients such as Fenugreek, Tribulus Terrestris, D-Aspartic Acid, and Korean Ginseng to stimulate the body’s own testosterone production. This helps enhance physical performance, increase muscle growth, improve mood, and boost libido—all without synthetic hormones or harmful chemicals.
Users of Testolan have reported significant improvements in energy levels, endurance, and overall well-being within just a few weeks of consistent use. The supplement also supports fat metabolism, bone health, and cognitive function, making it a comprehensive solution for maintaining vitality at any age. With its scientifically backed ingredients and high customer satisfaction, Testolan stands out as a reliable and natural way to counteract the effects of low testosterone. However, like any supplement, results may vary, and it is recommended to follow the dosage instructions and consult a healthcare provider if needed.
✅ Pros
- ✅ Boosts energy, muscle growth, and libido naturally
- ✅ Contains scientifically backed natural ingredients
- ✅ No synthetic hormones or harmful chemicals
- ✅ Highly rated by satisfied users
❌ Cons
- ❌ Results may take a few weeks to appear
- ❌ Not suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions
- ❌ Only available through the official website
Testonine

Testonine is a natural testosterone booster designed to enhance muscle growth, energy levels, stamina, and overall male performance. It contains scientifically backed ingredients such as zinc, Tongkat Ali, maca root, and L-arginine, all of which work together to support the body’s natural testosterone production. By taking two tablets daily, users can experience increased strength, improved endurance, faster recovery, and heightened libido. Testonine is free from synthetic steroids and banned substances, making it a safe and effective option for men looking to improve their physical and mental well-being. It also helps with fat loss by optimizing metabolism and preserving lean muscle mass.
Manufactured in an FDA-registered, GMP-certified facility in the USA, Testonine ensures high-quality standards with rigorously tested ingredients. Most users report noticeable improvements within a few weeks, with muscle gains and libido enhancements becoming more apparent in 4-6 weeks. It requires no prescription and can be used long-term without side effects. Testonine is ideal for men struggling with energy dips, performance plateaus, or declining sexual health. Additionally, the company offers a 100-day money-back guarantee, making it a risk-free investment for those looking to naturally enhance their testosterone levels.
✅ Pros:
- ✅ Supports natural testosterone production for muscle growth and fat loss.
- ✅ Enhances energy, stamina, and workout performance.
- ✅ Contains scientifically backed ingredients with no synthetic steroids.
- ✅ 100-day money-back guarantee for customer satisfaction.
❌ Cons:
- ❌ Results may vary and take several weeks to become noticeable.
- ❌ Only available online and not in physical stores.
- ❌ Requires consistency and a proper diet for best results.
Final Thoughts
For men over 40, the right testosterone booster can make a meaningful difference in daily performance and long-term health. Products that focus on natural ingredients and clinically backed formulas offer the best chance at supporting hormone balance without unwanted side effects. Always check the label, look for transparent dosing, and consult with a healthcare provider when in doubt. With consistency and the right product, many men report improvements in energy, drive, and vitality.
Who Might Benefit from Testosterone Boosters?
Testosterone boosters may benefit certain groups of people, but they aren’t for everyone. Here’s a clear breakdown of who might find them useful:
1. Men with Clinically Low Testosterone
Men diagnosed with low testosterone levels (hypogonadism) may benefit from testosterone therapy or supplements recommended by a doctor. Symptoms can include fatigue, low libido, reduced muscle mass, and mood changes.
2. Aging Men
Testosterone levels naturally decline with age, often starting around the mid-30s. Some older men turn to boosters to help with energy, mood, and muscle maintenance, though effectiveness varies and medical guidance is essential.
3. Athletes and Fitness Enthusiasts
People who train intensely may use legal testosterone-supporting supplements (such as those containing zinc, vitamin D, or ashwagandha) to support recovery, endurance, and muscle growth. However, this is very different from using anabolic steroids, which carry risks.
4. Men Struggling with Low Energy or Libido
Some men with mild testosterone decline (not necessarily diagnosed with a medical condition) may consider natural testosterone boosters to support vitality, sex drive, and overall well-being.
5. People with Nutrient Deficiencies
Since nutrients like vitamin D, zinc, and magnesium play a role in testosterone production, individuals low in these nutrients may see benefits when supplementing.
How Testosterone Boosters Work
1. Promoting Hormone Release
Testosterone boosters often use ingredients that encourage the body to send stronger signals for testosterone release. For example, D-aspartic acid can raise levels of luteinizing hormone, which stimulates testosterone production in the testes. Tribulus terrestris is also popular, though its effects may be more noticeable in people with lower testosterone.
2. Preventing Hormone Breakdown
Testosterone doesn’t always stay in its primary form. The body converts some into estrogen or DHT, which reduces the amount of available testosterone. Compounds such as DIM and zinc help slow these conversions. By limiting breakdown, testosterone remains active for longer, which may improve mood, strength, and sexual health.
3. Restoring Critical Nutrients
Low levels of certain vitamins and minerals are directly linked to reduced testosterone. Vitamin D deficiency is a common problem and has a strong connection with low testosterone. Magnesium and zinc are also essential for maintaining proper hormone balance. Testosterone boosters often include these nutrients to correct deficiencies and restore natural levels.
4. Reducing Stress Hormones
Stress raises cortisol, which competes with testosterone. When cortisol stays high, testosterone drops, leading to fatigue and reduced performance. Adaptogenic herbs like ashwagandha and ginseng can help reduce stress and cortisol. This creates a better hormonal environment for testosterone to thrive.
5. Encouraging Better Sleep
Deep sleep is one of the most important times for testosterone release. If sleep quality is poor, testosterone production suffers. That’s why many boosters include ingredients that support relaxation and recovery. By helping the body rest properly, testosterone levels can rise naturally overnight.
Summary: Testosterone boosters function by creating better conditions for the body to make and maintain testosterone. They do this by promoting hormone release, reducing hormone breakdown, supplying missing nutrients, lowering stress, and supporting sleep.
Common Ingredients in Testosterone Boosters
Testosterone boosters often combine herbs, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals that work together to support hormone health, energy, and performance. While some ingredients target testosterone production directly, others promote balance by reducing stress, improving blood flow, or filling nutritional gaps that affect hormone levels.
| Ingredient | Function | Potential Benefits |
|---|---|---|
| Tribulus Terrestris | Herbal extract | May support libido and sexual health; traditionally linked to testosterone support |
| Fenugreek | Herbal extract | Can help maintain testosterone levels, improve strength, and support energy |
| Ashwagandha | Adaptogenic herb | Reduces stress, may increase testosterone, supports muscle growth and recovery |
| Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) | Herbal extract | Traditionally used for vitality; may support higher testosterone and libido |
| Maca Root | Herbal root | Boosts energy, stamina, and sexual health (not a direct testosterone booster) |
| D-Aspartic Acid (DAA) | Amino acid | May stimulate hormone release that supports testosterone production |
| L-Citrulline / L-Arginine | Amino acids | Improve blood flow and nitric oxide levels, supporting performance and endurance |
| Zinc | Essential mineral | Critical for testosterone production; deficiency can cause reduced levels |
| Magnesium | Essential mineral | Helps maintain free testosterone and supports muscle and nerve function |
| Boron | Trace mineral | May increase free testosterone and reduce estrogen levels |
| Vitamin D | Fat-soluble vitamin | Low levels are linked to reduced testosterone; supports hormone balance |
| Vitamin B6 | Water-soluble vitamin | Plays a role in metabolism and hormone regulation |
| Saw Palmetto | Herbal extract | Often included for prostate health and hormone balance |
| Ginseng | Herbal root | Supports energy, vitality, and sexual function |
Final Thoughts
Testosterone booster formulas vary, but most rely on a mix of herbs, minerals, and vitamins that support overall male health. Some ingredients, like zinc and vitamin D, help correct deficiencies that directly affect testosterone, while others, such as ashwagandha or Tongkat Ali, are added for energy, stress management, and vitality. Understanding what’s inside these supplements makes it easier to choose products that fit your health goals.
Are Testosterone Boosters Safe
Testosterone boosters can be safe when chosen wisely and used responsibly. Many are made with natural ingredients such as vitamins, minerals, and plant extracts that support healthy hormone levels, energy, and overall well-being. When purchased from reputable brands that prioritize quality and transparency, these supplements can be a positive addition to a healthy lifestyle.
It’s important to follow the recommended dosage and check labels for clinically studied ingredients. People who combine boosters with regular exercise, a balanced diet, and good sleep habits often notice improvements in strength, stamina, and mood. As with any supplement, speaking with a healthcare professional before starting can help ensure the product is right for you and used safely.
Frequently Asked Questions About Testosterone Boosters
1. What are testosterone boosters?
Testosterone boosters are dietary supplements formulated with natural ingredients such as herbs, vitamins, and minerals. They are designed to support the body’s natural testosterone production, which may influence energy levels, muscle growth, mood, and overall vitality.
2. How do testosterone boosters work?
Most testosterone boosters work by providing nutrients that promote hormone balance and encourage the body’s natural testosterone production. Common ingredients include zinc, magnesium, fenugreek, ashwagandha, D-aspartic acid, and vitamin D. These compounds may support testosterone synthesis, reduce stress hormones, and improve overall health.
3. Who might benefit from testosterone boosters?
Men experiencing low energy, reduced muscle mass, slower recovery after exercise, or decreased libido may find testosterone boosters useful. Athletes and fitness enthusiasts also use them to support performance and recovery. However, individuals should consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement.
4. Are testosterone boosters safe?
Most testosterone boosters that use natural, clinically studied ingredients are considered safe for healthy adults. Side effects are uncommon when taken as directed, though some may experience mild digestive discomfort. Choosing high-quality products from reputable brands reduces potential risks.
5. How long does it take to see results?
Results vary depending on the individual, lifestyle, and product formula. Some people may notice benefits such as improved energy or mood within a few weeks, while muscle and strength gains typically require consistent use over several months.
6. Can testosterone boosters replace medical treatments?
No. Testosterone boosters are supplements, not medications. They may help support healthy hormone levels but should not be used as a replacement for prescribed testosterone therapy or medical treatments for low testosterone.
7. What ingredients should I look for in a testosterone booster?
Effective testosterone boosters often contain:
- Zinc and Magnesium – support testosterone production.
- Vitamin D – linked to higher testosterone levels.
- Fenugreek – may enhance libido and strength.
- Ashwagandha – reduces stress hormones and supports performance.
- D-Aspartic Acid (DAA) – supports hormone regulation.
8. Do testosterone boosters really work?
The effectiveness of testosterone boosters depends on the ingredients, dosage, and individual response. Some ingredients are supported by scientific research, while others need more studies. High-quality formulas with proven compounds are more likely to deliver results.
9. Are there lifestyle changes that enhance the effects of testosterone boosters?
Yes. Combining supplements with regular strength training, proper sleep, a balanced diet, and stress management can maximize results. A healthy lifestyle is essential for maintaining optimal testosterone levels.
10. Can women take testosterone boosters?
Most testosterone boosters are marketed to men, but some ingredients—such as ashwagandha or vitamin D—are beneficial for both men and women. Women should avoid products with high doses of ingredients intended to raise testosterone significantly unless recommended by a healthcare professional.
References
- WebMD. (n.d.). The best testosterone boosters for men over 50. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/healthy-aging/the-best-testosterone-boosters-for-men-over-50
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (n.d.). Improving low testosterone naturally. VA Whole Health Library. https://www.va.gov/WHOLEHEALTHLIBRARY/tools/improving-low-testosterone-naturally.asp
- Drobnis, E. Z., & Nangia, A. K. (2017). Antioxidants and male fertility. Asian Journal of Andrology, 19(5), 420–430. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6920068/
- Handelsman, D. J. (2014). Testosterone: Use, misuse and abuse. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 99(10), 49A. https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/99/10/49A/2836147?redirectedFrom=fulltext
- Bagatell, C. J., & Bremner, W. J. (1988). Androgens in men—Uses and abuses. Gastroenterology, 95(4), 1112–1116. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0016508588904453
- Snyder, P. J., Bhasin, S., Cunningham, G. R., Matsumoto, A. M., Stephens-Shields, A. J., Cauley, J. A., … & Storer, T. W. (2020). Effects of testosterone treatment in older men. Annals of Internal Medicine, 172(1), 1–11. https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/full/10.7326/M19-0882
- Liu, P. Y., Death, A. K., & Handelsman, D. J. (2009). Androgens and cardiovascular disease. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 7, 120. https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1477-7827-7-120
- Corona, G., Isidori, A. M., Aversa, A., Burnett, A. L., & Maggi, M. (2015). Endocrinologic control of men’s sexual desire and arousal/erection. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12(3), 403–417. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4384294/
- Bassil, N., Alkaade, S., & Morley, J. E. (2009). The benefits and risks of testosterone replacement therapy: A review. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 5, 427–448. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6438434/
- Bhasin, S., Woodhouse, L., & Storer, T. W. (2001). Proof of the effect of testosterone on skeletal muscle. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 86(3), 978–989. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3573577/
- Finkelstein, J. S., Lee, H., Burnett-Bowie, S. A. M., Pallais, J. C., Yu, E. W., Borges, L. F., … & Rosen, R. C. (2013). Gonadal steroids and body composition, strength, and sexual function in men. New England Journal of Medicine, 369(11), 1011–1022. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4712861/
- Oettel, M., & Mukhopadhyay, A. K. (2018). Androgen therapy in men: A review. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2018, 3720813. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2018/3720813
- Sattler, F. R., Schroeder, E. T., Dube, M. P., Jaque, S. V., Martinez, C., Blanche, P. J., … & Azen, S. P. (2009). Testosterone supplementation and exercise: Effects on muscle performance and body composition in HIV-infected men. Journal of Applied Physiology, 96(1), 10–15. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6191980/
- Howard, R. T., & Snyder, P. J. (2021). Effects of testosterone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in aging men: A systematic review. International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings, 2(1), 13. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijesab/vol2/iss1/13/
- Vermeulen, A., Verdonck, L., & Kaufman, J. M. (1999). A critical evaluation of simple methods for the estimation of free testosterone in serum. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 84(10), 3666–3672. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7202345/
- Swerdloff, R. S., Wang, C., & Bhasin, S. (2001). Testosterone treatment of hypogonadal men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 86(6), 2363–2370. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11753476/
- Tsai, E. C., Matsumoto, A. M., Fujimoto, W. Y., & Boyko, E. J. (2004). Association of bioavailable testosterone and estradiol with insulin resistance in men. Diabetes Care, 27(4), 861–868. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5870326/
- Medical News Today. (n.d.). Testosterone booster: Do they work?. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/testosterone-booster
- Verywell Health. (n.d.). Supplements for increased testosterone. https://www.verywellhealth.com/supplements-for-increased-testosterone-7971720
- Pazona, J. (n.d.). Do testosterone boosters really work?. Pazona MD. https://pazonamd.com/blog/testosterone-boosters-blog/
- Saad, F., & Gooren, L. (2018). The role of testosterone in the aging male: Clinical implications and therapeutic perspectives. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 103(8), 2861–2873. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28829155/
- Basaria, S. (2010). Revisiting testosterone and the metabolic syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 95(8), 3565–3578. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20564564/
- American Urological Association. (2018). Testosterone deficiency guideline. https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/testosterone-deficiency-guideline
- Hackett, G. (2013). Testosterone and the heart. Trends in Urology & Men’s Health, 4(5), 21–26. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00107.x
- Medical News Today. (n.d.). Does low testosterone cause depression?. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324587
- WebMD. (n.d.). Natural ways to boost testosterone. https://www.webmd.com/men/ss/slideshow-low-testosterone-natural-boost
- Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Testosterone therapy: Potential benefits and risks as you age. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728
- Houston Methodist. (2021, April). 5 all-natural ways to boost your testosterone. https://www.houstonmethodist.org/blog/articles/2021/apr/5-all-natural-ways-to-boost-your-testosterone/
- Harvard Health Publishing. (n.d.). Lifestyle strategies to help prevent natural age-related decline in testosterone. https://www.health.harvard.edu/mens-health/lifestyle-strategies-to-help-prevent-natural-age-related-decline-in-testosterone
- Grossmann, M., & Wittert, G. (2011). Testosterone and glucose metabolism in men: Current concepts and controversies. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 96(6), 1473–1483. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21129941/
- Kelly, D. M., & Jones, T. H. (2011). Testosterone: A metabolic hormone in health and disease. Journal of Endocrinology, 210(3), 1–12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21154195/
- Traish, A. M. (2014). Testosterone and erectile function: From basic research to a new clinical paradigm for managing men with androgen insufficiency and erectile dysfunction. Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation, 18(3), 105–116. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4120469/
- Hehemann, M. C., & Kashanian, J. A. (2016). Low testosterone and diabetes mellitus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 178, 227–236. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874115303056
- Vigen, R., O’Donnell, C. I., Barón, A. E., Grunwald, G. K., Maddox, T. M., Bradley, S. M., … & Ho, P. M. (2013). Association of testosterone therapy with mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke in men with low testosterone levels. Journal of the American Medical Association, 310(17), 1829–1836. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4212439/
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (n.d.). Testosterone cypionate. PubChem Compound Summary. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Testosterone-cypionate
- Bhasin, S., Woodhouse, L., & Storer, T. W. (2001). Proof of the effect of testosterone on skeletal muscle. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 86(3), 978–989. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3143915/
- Ponce, O. J., Spencer-Bonilla, G., Alvarez-Villalobos, N., Serrano, V., Jatoi, A., Malkin, C. J., … & Murad, M. H. (2018). The effect of testosterone replacement therapy on health-related quality of life in men: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 103(10), 3825–3834. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6087849/
- Cheetham, T. C., An, J., Jacobsen, S. J., Benayoun, S., Mirocha, J., Kuo, S., … & Zadshir, A. (2021). Testosterone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism: A case-crossover study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 106(12), 3547–3556. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8538516/
- Morgentaler, A., Miner, M. M., Caliber, M., Guay, A. T., Khera, M., Traish, A., … & Kaufman, J. M. (2015). Testosterone therapy and cardiovascular risk: Advances and controversies. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 90(2), 224–251. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4578663/
- VigRX Plus. (n.d.). Clinical study report: VigRX Plus supplement. https://www.vigrxplus.com/wp-content/themes/lehcart/pdf/vigrxplus-csr-v1.2.pdf
- Zitzmann, M., Faber, S., & Nieschlag, E. (2006). Association of testosterone with specific cognitive abilities in healthy young men. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 31(5), 684–693. https://www.nature.com/articles/3901570
- Wang, C., Jackson, G., Jones, T. H., Matsumoto, A. M., Nehra, A., Perelman, M. A., … & Zitzmann, M. (2006). Low testosterone associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 60(6), 682–688. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16626982/
- Liu, P. Y., Death, A. K., & Handelsman, D. J. (2004). Androgens and cardiovascular disease. Asian Journal of Andrology, 6(3), 251–261. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.1939-4640.2004.tb03169.x
- Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Assessing the Need for Clinical Trials of Testosterone Replacement Therapy. (2004). Testosterone and aging: Clinical research directions. National Academies Press. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526128/
- Pope, H. G., Kanayama, G., Athey, A., Ryan, E., Hudson, J. I., & Baggish, A. (2014). The lifetime prevalence of anabolic-androgenic steroid use and dependence in Americans: Current best estimates. JAMA Psychiatry, 71(7), 788–795. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/481565
- Zitzmann, M., Brune, M., & Nieschlag, E. (2012). The impact of testosterone replacement therapy on personality structure in hypogonadal men. Andrologia, 44(1), 16–22. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01168.x
- Finkelstein, J. S., Lee, H., Burnett-Bowie, S. A. M., Pallais, J. C., Yu, E. W., Borges, L. F., … & Rosen, R. C. (2013). Gonadal steroids and body composition, strength, and sexual function in men. New England Journal of Medicine, 369(11), 1011–1022. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3669033/
- Bhasin, S., Brito, J. P., Cunningham, G. R., Hayes, F. J., Matsumoto, A. M., Snyder, P. J., … & Yialamas, M. A. (2018). Testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. Endocrine Reviews, 39(3), 367–410. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0965229915001223
- Morales, A., Bebb, R. A., Manjoo, P., Assimakopoulos, P., Axler, A., Collier, C., … & Zitzmann, M. (2000). Testosterone deficiency syndrome: The implications of testosterone therapy in adult men. CMAJ, 162(10), 1425–1434. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10715596/